In contrast, his second movie, Poetic Justice, and his new film, Higher Learning, seem to have been made by a different director -- one who's alternately pompous and crass, worldly wise and inexplicably childish. Singleton has apparently abandoned his central strength -- direct, uncluttered storytelling -- in favor of brainless sociopolitical soapboxing. It's almost as if he read his own press and believed the wrong parts of it -- the parts that compared him to Spike Lee, Oliver Stone, Stanley Kramer, and other "Message Filmmakers," and the parts that praised him as an "Important Artist" with an urgent message to deliver to mainstream America. Thus Poetic Justice, which started out as a sweet, rambling look at daily life in the hood, was transformed into a misbegotten road picture and pumped full of false seriousness, until it became a forced parable of the struggle between men and women.
By the same misguided reasoning, Higher Learning starts out as a funny, offbeat, realistic and thoroughly engaging ensemble melodrama about life at a racially diverse college -- then turns into a hysterical, apocalyptic mess with echoes of Howard Beach, Kent State, Charles Whitman, Rodney King and nearly every other domestic atrocity of the past 25 years. The film is so overwrought, so needlessly violent, so crushingly obvious and so self-contradictory that it doesn't quite feel like the work of an adult, or even a college student; it feels like the work of a gifted but immature high school kid trying to write an important drama about college -- a kid who lacks the real-world experience to make key details ring true, and so fills in the gaps in his experience with borrowed and inappropriate bits from other "powerful" movies, including Oliver Stone's and Spike Lee's work, A Clockwork Orange, Taxi Driver, Nashville and The Accused.
The characters are mostly one-dimensional; what depth they gain has more to do with individual performances than with the director's vision. There's a sweet, naive, fence-sitting white girl named Kristen Connor (Kristy Swanson) who gets raped, then politically activated, then feminized and then (yes, folks, Singleton really is this obvious) temporarily lesbianized. There's Wayne (Jason Wiles), a goofy, long-haired, conciliatory white kid who seems to get along with just about everybody, and his jittery, alienated opposite, Remy, a survivalist Idaho white boy (played by Michael Rapaport with understated, nerdy intensity) who finds himself shut out of almost every clique on campus -- except, unfortunately, the local gang of pumped-up, screed-ranting, gun-toting skinheads, whose creepy leader is initially photographed in spooky half-light, like Kurtz in Apocalypse Now. (I wasn't aware of a persistent skinhead element at private colleges, but what the hell.)
There's also a loosely organized black nationalist clique on campus led by an afro-sporting tough guy named Fudge (Ice Cube, who's as snarlingly hilarious as he was in Singleton's first movie), and an African-born political science professor named Phipps (Laurence Fishburne, wrapping his voice around a hilariously expressive veldt-oracle accent on loan from The Lion King).
The most interesting and involving subplot in the movie pits Fudge and Phipps against one another in a struggle for the emerging consciousness of an athletically gifted but academically challenged black track star named Malik Williams (the astonishing Omar Epps, whose wounded eyes, unforced physicality and naturalistic screen presence reminded me of a young Steve McQueen). When Singleton sticks with Malik, his friends, his gorgeous track-star gal (Tyra Banks) and issues of the heart, he's on firm footing.
But he's clearly not satisfied with matters of the heart. He longs to be taken seriously as a great thinker, a prophet, a filmmaker with an important message to deliver. That Singleton obviously hasn't thought very hard about what that message might be (other than "we should all try to get beyond first impressions and be nicer to each other, because if we don't, lonely white kids from Idaho will join skinhead groups and start carrying guns to the cafeteria") doesn't seem to trouble him in the least. He mounts set piece after set piece with fiery conviction, keeping you engrossed even when you know what you're watching is horse manure that substitutes comic-book violence for subtle articulation of real-world college problems.
Ultimately, his desperation to shock the audience destroys the movie -- exposes it as an incoherent sham. Unlike Do the Right Thing, which built toward a violent ending because the characters and situations demanded one, Higher Learning builds toward a violent ending because the filmmaker demands one. Singleton pushes so hard for an incendiary climax that you can almost see the veins bulging in his neck.
In a key sequence, professor Phipps lectures Malik on why, as a young black man, he shouldn't feel like just another powerless pawn; on a chess board, Phipps explains, pawns can neutralize more powerful pieces, even maneuver the king into check and profoundly alter the game. Unfortunately, the same person who wrote those fine lines has, as a dramatist, flippantly disregarded them. Singleton treats all his characters as pawns, no more and no less, and he doesn't even play by the rules when he moves them clumsily around. He switches them from one side of the board to the other on a whim, invents implausible situations and solves them with a wave of his hand, and at the end, topples the entire game to the floor and kicks the pieces across the room.
It's a disgraceful display of audience disrespect; basically, we're paying money to see a director heedlessly screw around with human lives to make himself seem mysterious and deep and all-knowing -- to bask in awe and fascination he has no intention of actually earning. No doubt this movie will inspire intense loathing among some critics and audience members, and Singleton will congratulate himself for having created a shocking, disturbing movie that makes people deeply uncomfortable -- without, perhaps, realizing that anybody will act uncomfortable if you throw blood in his face.
Singleton seems to be struggling with a potentially disastrous inferiority complex. Pegged by an unthinkingly racist critical establishment as a competitor of Spike Lee's, he now plays into that same establishment's hands; he's taken two of Lee's most controversial movies, School Daze and Do the Right Thing, and glommed them together, while failing to replicate the humor, heart, or passion of either. The film has the head-scratcher non-ending of the former movie and the explosive climax of the latter, but the two don't mesh, and the result lacks the humor and verve and kinetic enthusiasm Lee's films display even when they make no sense at all.
To misquote a favorite college source, Higher Learning is sound and fury signifying nothing -- except, perhaps, that Singleton needs to quit trying to explain the world to us and start telling low-key stories about real human beings again, instead of making pretentious botch jobs that feel like a special two-hour episode of A Different World directed by Oliver Stone.
Higher Learning.
Directed by John Singleton. With Omar Epps, Laurence Fishburne, Ice Cube and Kristy Swanson.
Rated R.
122 minutes.
